DeepFake Technology and how it works?

Knowledge Express - August 10, 2021 0

Introduction:-

If you consider fake news- Image-Videos are the most significant problems related to the cyber-world, stop right there. A new powerful and lethal technology has made its way into our lives, and it's been around us for quite a long time now.

None of the above are real

You may have seen many videos on WhatsApp or Instagram showing Donald Trump, Putin or any world politician singing sogs. You may also find some videos of Facebook founder Mark Zuckerberg and former US President Barack Obama talking about various ideas.

It may seem like regular videos, and sometimes you may even find the video fake. Such videos are made using DeepFake Technology. However, we know very little about this technology.

The government has tried to curb such activities from time to time, but it has been steadily increasing. Now, it becomes necessary to know about this technology.

In today's powerful world of social media and technology, such manipulated information can easily reach at any corner of the world in blink of an eye.

What Is DeepFake Technology?

One of the inevitable evils of the internet and social media is fake news. The DeepFake Technology we are talking about is an advanced, developed and dangerous form of such fake news. It has emerged as a new option for spreading false information and rumours quickly in the present times.

There are many ways to test fake news, and you don't even need more technical knowledge to identify it. Ordinary internet user can easily recognize fake news. But it is challenging to identify Deepfake News.

It is a combination of "Deep Learning" and "Fake Information". Artificial Intelligence technology is used to make a fake replica of media files like images, audios and videos. As a result, the phoney file looks like the original file and even has better quality than the original one.

How is the material for DeepFake prepared?

In the Deepfake technique; Words, body movements, expressions, gestures, etc., spoken by any person, are transferred to another person or subject using Artificial Intelligence.

In addition, DeepFake content is made more reliable by using the Generative Adversarial Network (GAN). GAN trained on photographs can generate new pictures that look genuine to human observers, with many natural characteristics. The final content becomes difficult to recognize whether it is genuine or fake.

What kind of damage DeepFack can do?

Misuse of any technology is always harmful, and DeepFake is no exception. Its misuse can have a detrimental effect on a person's political, social and economic life.

1. A Threat To Democracy

The use of DeepFake can do significant damage to democracy. It can affect the electoral process. Apart from this, it becomes a hindrance to government schemes and functions.

2. Insecure For Women

Deepfake has long been used to create pornography or similar content. Porn stars are often slandered by arranging the face of a famous woman or actress on a pornographic video. This type of video seems so natural that the viewer does not realize that it is fake.

3. National security

The biggest threat to this technology is national security. It can promote issues like communal riots, racism. Giving false information about one country to another can damage international relations.

How To Identify DeepFake Content?

1. If you find text or spelling errors on a webpage that opens through a message or a website link on social media, it must be a fake.

2. It uses photographs or videos to make DeepFake messages more reliable. So if there is any doubt about the information of a link, check whether the photo or video on another news channel, news portal or website.

How To Fight DeepFake?

1. No shocking or surprising message should ever be forwarded without verification. If this happens, a complaint should be lodged against the respective person or group.

2. Contact the police immediately, if you receive a message inciting religious or communal violence. Do not join any group spreading hatred against any religion, individual or society.

Biography

Violet Jessop- Miss Unsinkable

Knowledge Express - February 10, 2021 0

Violet Jessop- Luckiest Person Ever

Background:

The White Star Line truly went through a very bad time in the early 1900s, but it wasn't a bad time for a woman named Violet Jessop also known as Miss unsinkable.

White Star Line was a British shipping company founded in 1845. It was famous for its luxurious liners. The company had much success with its first liner the “Oceanic” in 1870.

Until 1895, the company owners were very much encouraged by the success and ordered three more ships to be built from Harland and Wolff, the same company that had manufactured the “Oceanic” true to their belief.

Three Famous Ships:

One of the three ships became the most famous vessel of all time but little did they know that all three ships would have repeated accidents or end up in a disastrous calamity. All three sister ship were constructed in Ireland.

The first being the “Olympic”, it operated from 1911 until 1935 and was the only ship out of the other two that didn't sink, although it went through two accidents. The Olympic collided with other ships twice during his long run.

The second ship is the most famous of all the “Titanic”, which started its voyage on April 10, 1912, only to sink after hitting an iceberg five days later.

The last and the largest of the three ships was the “Britannic”, which lasted for about a year until it hit a mine in the Aegean Sea, that was planted by a German submarine during World War-I.

These unfortunate ship disasters took the lives of 1500. 33 people there were lucky survivors but none of them were like Violet Jessop.

Violet Jessop had survived the sinking of the “Titanic” and the “Britannic” and also had been on board the “Olympic” when it had one of its accidents.

Early Life:

Violet Jessop had an extraordinarily lucky life born in 1887 in Argentina. She was the sixth out of nine children that her parents had that survived infancy. Growing up, she contracted tuberculosis and doctors had predicted that her illness would be fatal but miraculously she survived.

It and of course, she survived the most famous ocean disasters of all time. After the death of her father, Violet’s mother moved with the whole family to England, where she began working as a stewardess on a ship.

At the time, Violet was attending a convent school but when her mother became ill, she decided to step in and become a ship stewardess herself.

In the early 1900s, most of the women, who were working as ship stewardesses were middle-aged and Violet Jessop was only 21 years old at the time.

She had many struggles in getting a job as employers believed her youth and good looks would cause problems with the crew and passengers and get in the way of her work.

As a matter of fact, throughout her career, she had received at least three marriage proposals, even from a wealthy first-class passenger.

RMS Olympic

For a short time, she worked on the “Orinoco a Royal Mail line” steamer until she was hired by the “White Star Line” in 1908.

In 1910, she began working on the “Olympic” and a year later the “Olympic” collided with “HMS Hawke”- a British Warship.

Both the ships had considerable damage but there were no fatalities and the ship did not sink and was able to make it back to port.

RMS Titanic

Violet was able to get off the ship without being harmed however, this did not discourage violet, and just seven months later, she went back to work with “White Star Line” and this time on a ship titled the “Unsinkable Titanic”.

In her memoirs, she shared her experience of the time. The “Titanic” struck and iceberg and started sinking, she was ordered upon the deck, where she watched women sing goodbye to their husbands before being put in lifeboats with their children.

The ship officers had later access stewardesses including her to get on to the boats to show some of the women. It was safe while she was on one of the lifeboat 16.

She was handed over a baby which she took care of the whole night until she and the survivors were rescued by RMS Carpathia.

The next morning, a woman grabbed the baby out of her hand and ran off. Violet assumed that it may have been the baby's mother.

That was the second time that violet had a near-death experience, but somehow she was not affected and joked that she missed her toothbrush that she left on the Titanic. At this point, anyone in her place would stop getting on ships but not Violet.

HMHS Britannic

Just before World War-I, Violet decided to serve as a nurse on board the “Britannic”. The ship transported wounded soldiers from the Mediterranean back to Great Britain and violet was working as a nurse for british red cross at the mobile hospital.

The ship completed five successful voyages before it ran into her mind and started to sink. This time, Violet was unable to reach a lifeboat and jumped overboard although she survived; she, unfortunately, stuck her head under the ship's keel.

Years later when she went to the doctor because of severe headaches, she discovered that she once had a fracture on her skull.

Luck favored Violet a bit too much and she continued to joke that this time she remembered to grab her toothbrush before jumping off-board, unlike the Titanic.

After the three major incidents that had occurred in such a short time in her life. It still wasn't enough to deter Violet.

She didn't experience anymore ship accidents or disasters after that but she continued to work on a ship but this time for Red Star Online and Royal Mail mine for doing world cruises.

Retirement:

For the coming years of her life, she finally retired at the age of 61 and spent the rest of her life gardening and raising chickens.

One day she received a strange phone call from an unknown woman who asked her if she had saved a baby on the day of the Titanic tragedy. Violet answered she was. And the woman then went on to say that she was the baby that violet had saved and hung up.

Violet believed that it really must have been her and she hadn't told the story of the baby to anyone.

Death:

In 1971, at the old age of 84, she died of congestive heart failure but we still remember her today as Miss unsinkable.

Fact Finder

how many minutes in a year

Knowledge Express - January 08, 2021 0

Well, the answer lies in some simple math calculations. If you want an answer straight forward then there are 525600 minutes in a year.

For a leap year (means a year that can be divided by 4 and has 366 days) answer is 527040 minutes in a year.

Method of calculation:

We will explore two methods of calculating the minutes in a year. To our surprise, the answer will differ. We also try to learn why the universal calculation system is not accurate and what are the reasons behind it.

Method # 1

Base: Earth orbits around the Sun.

The Earth completes one full circle to the Sun in…

365 Days;

5 Hours;

59 Minutes;

16 Seconds.

Now, let us convert the above data in minutes.

365 Days * 24 Hours * 60 Minutes = 525600 Minutes

5 hours * 60 Minutes = 300 Minutes

59 Minutes = 59 Minutes

16 Seconds / 60 Minutes = 4/15 Minutes

Total = 525959 + 4/15 Minutes

Method #2

Base: Calendar Year

(a) For Ordinary Year.

We know that there are 365 days in a year so, there are 365 Days * 24 Hours * 60 Minutes = 525600 Minutes.

(b) For a Leap Year.

Every year divisible by 4 such as 2020, is called a leap year. Every 4^th century is a leap year.

An ordinary year has 365 days i.e. (52 weeks + 1 day) while
A leap year has 366 days i.e. (52 weeks + 2 days)

Point to Remember: An ordinary year has 1 odd day and a leap year have 2 odd days.

Now, time for the calculation:

366 Days * 24 Hours * 60 Minutes = 527040 Minutes

What is the universal answer?

Well, there is no way to get a real answer because the length of the year varies from time to time and also because of some laws of physics.

However, we can get close to the answer by the above calculations. If you hit google for an answer you will get 525600 minutes.

Social-health

what is cinderella effect ?

Knowledge Express - January 08, 2021 0

Meaning

Revolutionary psychological science term “Cinderella effect” basically means that stepchildren are at higher risk of abuse and maltreatment by the hands of step-parents.

Name

It got the name “Cinderella effect” from the movie "Cinderella" where Cinderella was mistreated by her stepmother and sisters.

Background

This theory first came up in the 1970s by some psychologists. They opined that stepparents have no biological reasons to invest in parental resources in stepchildren. Hence, this step-child is more prone to violence and all kinds of abuse from physical to mental.

Evidence

There is some evidence that supports the authenticity of this theory. For over 30 years of studying the various resources like child abuse, clinical death, victim reports, etc. The long study concluded that in Europe and part of America, risk of child maltreatment and abuse by step-parents is at high risk.

Why Cinderella effect?

Psychologists believe that parents are more likely to use their parenting resources on their own offspring, rather than on the child of others. They seem and act indifferently toward their nonbiological children as compared to their own.

In modern times, it tends to happen more in society, due to the cost of living. Parents obviously want to look after the real children rather than the children of others.

Attachment theory

Attachment theory simply means that the mother genetically shares a special bond with her child. But a mother never can share such emotions and feelings with a child that’s not her own. Hence it’s likely that stepchildren never get that love and affection they desired.

Criticism

Some psychologist believes that there is not much hard evidence that proves the efficacy of the theory. There is some cross-cultural variation in the theory too.

Mathematics

variable and attribute

Knowledge Express - January 04, 2021 0

Introduction:

To make an inquiry or investigation of a problem in any field, data has to be collected. By applying the different methods of collecting data, one can get confusing, voluminous, and complex data. This way when data is collected, it is not possible to use the same for drawing any conclusions.

With the help of classification and tabulation and by applying the statistical techniques, such a large mass of data can be organized into a systematic form. Afterward, a comparison of data is possible and the task of drawing conclusions is also possible very easily.

Let us try to understand the meaning of variables and attributes which are the main basis used for classification and tabulation.

Some of the information collected through a sample survey or population survey is of this kind. For example number of children per family, the number of accident occurs in one place per day, the number of flowers on a plant, height, weight, marks of a student, incomes, expense, saving, etc. of a person, sales, production, demand, purchase, supply, profit, etc. of a firm.

(2) Types of Variable:

There are two types of variables.

(A) Discrete Variable (B) Continuous Variable

(A) Discrete Variable:

When a variable assumes atmost countable number of values (integer values) in an interval or a given range, then such a variable is known as a Discrete Variable. The number of children per family, the number of rooms in a house, etc. are examples of a discrete variable.

(B) Continuous Variable:

If a variable assumes all possible values in an interval (integer and fractional both), then it is called a continuous variable. Hight, weight, marks, etc. of a student, income, expense, savings, etc. of a person are the examples of a continuous variable.

(3) Attribute:

The value of some characteristics of a unit varies from unit to unit but can not be expressed numerically. Such a characteristic is called an attribute. Some of the information collected through a sample survey or a population survey is of this kind. For example beauty, business, honesty, marital status, religion, the financial position of a person, etc.

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