Articles by "Fast Fact"
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- May 12, 2020 0

Q. Which country has the biggest petroleum refinery in the world?

India. The refinery situated at Jamnagar district in Gujarat state can fractional distillation (refine) petroleum at whooping 1,240,000 barrels per day. 

Biggest refinary in the world
 
On production point of view, the second number goes to refinery in south Korea which can processes up to 7,00,000 barrels per day. 

Now, let's look at the Meaning and Process:

"Petroleum refinery" is the process that turns crude oil into useful products like gasoline, diesel, jet fuel, heating oil, kerosene, etc. The picture shows the refining process at Shell Oil Refinery in Martinez. Crude oil is essentially a mixture of hundreds of different hydrocarbons. 

Different hydrocarbons have different boiling points (the temperature at which they start to vaporize), some of them have low boiling point and others have high boiling point. 

First, crude oil is heated and then it is pumped into refining tower, where different hydrocarbons will start to vaporize based on their boiling point.

The petroleum refinery processes oil. It separates it into useful products. There are many different types of petroleum refineries. All of them have complex manufacturing processes. 

They have several things in common, though. All of them are very big. Each petroleum refinery process starts with oil. Oil is pumped into a refining process. 

A petroleum refinery typically takes 15,000 to 300,000 barrels of oil a day. The oil is then heated to much higher temperatures. This changes the chemical structure of the oil. This process is called distillation. 

The distillation separates the oil and gas. The gas is sent to a refinery to make chemicals and other products. The oil is sent to other parts of the refinery to make gasoline and other products. 

The oil is cleaned to remove chemicals and dirt. Then it is refined to make gasoline, diesel, heating oil, jet fuel and other petroleum products. They are cleaned again and then sold.

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- May 11, 2020 0

Q. How transparent soap is made?

The reason for the opacity of common soap used for bathing is that the soap contains large crystals of Sodium Hydroxide, which prevents lights to pass through.

How transparent Soap is made ?

The raw material to make transparent soap is Glycerin. Now, Glycerin is a solvent, so to some extent its soap, and to some extent its solvent. The general ratio is 1:1.
 

Method and Process:

Most transparent soaps are made from a mixture of plastic and detergents. This mixture is heated to a certain temperature which makes it transparent and hard. The main ingredient in transparent soap is a chemical called STERIC ACID.

The process of making transparent soap is as follows:

1. Melt the FO (Fragrance Oil) and the color into the tallow and the coconut oil.

2. Add the Sodium hydroxide to the oils and heat slowly.

3. Add the FO to the oil blend when the temperature reaches around 100 degrees.

4. Mix everything well then slowly add the water while stirring slowly.

5. Mix till a smooth texture is achieved.

6. Add the fragrance and pour it into the mold.

7. Pour at cool room temperature. 

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- May 11, 2020 0

Q. If the most dangerous aquatic is Shark, then which terrestrial animal is the most deadly?

How and on what proportion will an animal go berserk, depends on circumstances. For example, if you go near to lioness cub; the lioness will kill you, but lions have a natural fear of humans, as a human is not its natural prey. This thing can be generalized for all animals.

Many naturalists opined that no animal is as dangerous as Hippopotamus can be!!

Most Dangerous Terrestrial Animal
Hippos are the most deadly
 
How come? Well, in Africa, Hippo kills more human compared to lions or any wild animals. The hippo is so powerful that it can crush human limbs with its sneeze!! Or can pierce the human body with its 1.75-meter long tooth. 

Hippopotamuses are the third largest land mammals in the world (the first two are elephants and white rhinos) and can reach a weight of 5,000kg.

The Hippopotamus’s power is its enormous mouth. It is capable of consuming hundreds of lbs. of grass, shrubbery, and legume rushes to satisfy its huge daily caloric requirements. 

It also spends a large amount of time wallowing in mud to keep its skin healthier and protect it from insect bites.

The hippopotamus is large to the very large mammal. The Hippo is one of the most aggressive animals. Female hippos live up to 50 years. 

They give birth to a single calf. Hippos' main predators are lions and crocodiles. Their main diet is grass, while they also eat reeds, sedge, and fruits. Hippos wallow in rivers and lakes.

The preferred habitat of the hippo is sub-tropical forests and rivers. Hippos live in rivers and lakes. Hippos are semi-aquatic mammals. Hippos are herbivores. They spend 16 hours in water and 08 hours on land. 

They are 3.3 to 5.2 feet in length and can weigh up to 1500-1800 Kg. The Hippopotamus is native to Africa. Hippos are very aggressive. 

A male hippo is called a bull and a female hippo is called a cow.

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- May 11, 2020 0

Q. What is the minimum speed a satellite should maintain to revolve around Earth?


Minimum Speed of Satellite
 
If you travel on Earth's surface, then the level seems to reduce 4.9 meters at every 7.9 Kilometers. The reason for that is Earth is round in shape. 
 
Keep this in mind, a simple calculation can give the answer: that is, the satellite should maintain a speed of 7.9 Kilometers per second or 28,440 Kilometers per hour to revolve around the lowest orbit of Earth.

Earth's gravity is 9.80665 m/s^2 (or 32.17405 ft/s^2). Earth's mass is 5.9891e24 kg (or 330,000,000,000,000,000,000 kg). In terms of acceleration, we have g = GM/r^2. Where G is the gravitational constant at 6.67384e-11 ^{m^3 kg^-1 s^-2}. M is the mass of the Earth at 5.9891e24 kg. And r is Earth's radius at 6.37640e6 m.

In simple terms, the speed of revolution is dependent upon the force of attraction that exists between the satellite and the earth. The greater the gravitational force, the faster the satellite will revolve around the earth.

There are two main types of orbits, elliptical and geosynchronous. The first one is those hotdog-shaped orbits, which are usually used for communication satellites. 

Most of them fly between 20,000 and 36,000 kilometers above the Earth's equator. Geosynchronous orbits are used for satellites that are designed for stationary observation. 

They fly around 35,000 kilometers above the Earth's equator. The satellites that are used for navigation, broadcasting, and weather observation are always in geosynchronous orbit. 

Since the earth rotates at a speed of approximately 1000 km/hour, the satellite flies at the above speed to make it appear stationary from the ground.


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- May 11, 2020 0

Q.How many satellites are revolving around the Sun?

There are a lot, but not all active. As per the last study on 31st March 2009, there are 899 active satellites of which a maximum of 464 belong to the United States while 90 belong to Russia.
 
Satellites Revolving the Sun
Solar Parker Probe
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- May 11, 2020 0

Q. What is the annual average temperature of Earth?

A. Because of global warming, the average temperature rise to 0.580 Celsius, today annual average temperature of Earth is 140 Celsius. Northern Hemisphere burns more and the figure is 14.60 Celsius, while in Southern Hemisphere it counts @ 13.40 Celsius. 

The reason for the difference is Arctic Circle, stretched 20,000,000 km (7,700,000 sq mi) and covers 4% of Earth's surface. Another reason is that the land area in the southern hemisphere is less. 
 
 Temperature of Earth

The Earth's annual average temperature southern hemisphere is about 15 degrees Celsius. The temperature on Earth depends on many factors. These include latitude, altitude, and over which ocean the temperatures are measured. 

The Earth's temperature also depends on whether it is day or night. The highest average temperature on Earth is found in the deserts, the lowest average temperature is found in the Arctic.

This is of course a figure that fluctuates depending on the season and time of day. If we're talking about the average temperature at sea level, that's 59.9 degrees Fahrenheit. 

If we're talking about the average temperature of the entire planet, it's only 55.8 degrees Fahrenheit. (I know, I was surprised too. I thought the Earth was colder than that.

The hottest temperature ever recorded is 56.7 degrees Celsius which is the highest temperature recorded on the Earth.

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